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THE NEW CHRONOLOGY OF EGYPT
THE NEW DATUM OF 1540 NC
1540 NC
Tablets discovered at Nineveh (now Mosul, on the river Tigris in Northern
Iraq), have been certified as copies from the reign of King Ammisaduga of the
1st. Dynasty of Babylon. Such records include the precise description of the
risings and settings of the planet Venus. These observations are known to have
coincided exactly with Ammisaduga's reign of 21 years. Use now had to be made of
the Venus cycle; i.e. the period between exact repetitions of its risings and
settings, and which average 60 years.
Old Babylonians dated their documents in relation to the days of the lunar
month, beginning with the first crescent of the moon. The dating of these
tablets, taken in conjunction with the specific positions of Venus, have been
subjected to further advanced computer analysis in much the same way as
described in the 1012 NC datum. The result has shown that Ammisaduga became king
in 1419 NC and died in 1398 NC. Moving back from this, and knowing the names of
all eleven kings of that dynasty, it has been possible to determine the reign of
the 6th. and most famous (or infamous) of those kings, namely Hammurabi
(1565-1522 NC). In his 35th. regnal year (1531 NC), Hammurabi attacked and
destroyed the huge yet beautiful palace of Zimrilim, King of the city-state of
Mari (now known as Abu Kemal, on the river Euphrates in eastern Syria). Zimrilim
perished with it.
In AD 1933, a French archaeologist unearthed 25,000 tablets from the archive
of that palace. The last date traced from those tablets showed that Zimrilim
must have died in his 6th. regnal year, having reigned 1536-1531 NC. A
particular tablet, however, was an inventory of gifts on the occasion of his
enthronement, including a solid gold cup. It had come from Yantin, in his 9th.
regnal year as King of the city-state of Byblos (now Yuniye, 13 miles north of
Beirut) and which, in those days, formed part of the Egyptian empire. Thus
Yantin must have been enthroned in 1544 NC. Sadly, at this point, any
archaeological hope of establishing an Egyptian connection went cold.
It is true to say that every archaeologist lives in the hope that perhaps
once in a lifetime he or she may benefit from some dramatic and unexpected
bonus, even indirectly, such as in the case of the Amarna woman's discovery. In
AD 1952, there was just such an instance.
Arising from a comprehensive excavation of Byblos, a large limestone slab was
uncovered with Egyptian hieroglyphics carved upon it. It showed Yantin in his
5th. year as King of Byblos. What was astonishing, however, was that beside
Yantin's inscription was the partially damaged cartouche of Pharaoh Neferhotep
in his first regnal year. It therefore followed that Neferhotep must have begun
his reign in 1540 NC, thereby bringing forward the re-dating of the 13th.
Dynasty by 127 years to 1632-1440 NC.
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